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Improving
Your Credit Report
Under
the law, both the CRA and the organization that provided the
information to the CRA, such as a bank or credit card company,
have responsibilities for correcting inaccurate or incomplete
information in your report. To protect all your rights under the
law, contact both the CRA and the information provider if you
have a dispute.
- First, tell the CRA in
writing what information you believe is inaccurate.
Include copies (not originals) of documents that support
your position. In addition to providing your complete name
and address, your letter should clearly identify each item
in your report you dispute, state the facts and explain why
you dispute the information, and request deletion or
correction. You may want to enclose a copy of your report
with the items in question circled. Your letter may look
something like the one below. Send your letter by certified
mail, return receipt requested, so you can document what the
CRA received. Keep copies of your dispute letter and
enclosures.
Sample
Dispute Letter
| Date
Your
Name
Your Address
Your City, State, Zip Code
Complaint
Department
Name of Credit Reporting Agency
Address
City, State, Zip Code
Dear
Sir or Madam:
I am
writing to dispute the following information in my
file. The items I dispute also are encircled on the
attached copy of the report I received.
This
item (identify item(s) disputed by name of source,
such as creditors or tax court, and identify type of
item, such as credit account, judgment, etc.) is
(inaccurate or incomplete) because (describe what is
inaccurate or incomplete and why). I am requesting
that the item be deleted (or request another specific
change) to correct the information.
Enclosed
are copies of (use this sentence if applicable and
describe any enclosed documentation, such as payment
records, court documents) supporting my position.
Please reinvestigate this (these) matter(s) and
(delete or correct) the disputed item(s) as soon as
possible.
Sincerely,
Your
name
Enclosures:
(List what you are enclosing)
|
-
CRAs must
reinvestigate the item(s) in question—usually within 30
days—unless they consider your dispute frivolous. They
also must forward all relevant data you provide about the
dispute to the information provider. After the information
provider receives notice of a dispute from the CRA, it must
investigate, review all relevant information provided by the
CRA, and report the results to the CRA. If the information
provider finds the disputed information to be inaccurate, it
must notify all nationwide CRAs so that they can correct
this information in your file.
-
Disputed
information that cannot be verified must be deleted from
your file.
- If your report contains
inaccurate information, the CRA must correct it.
- If an item is
incomplete, the CRA must complete it. For example, if
your file showed that you were late making payments, but
failed to show that you were no longer delinquent, the
CRA must show that your payments are now current.
- If your file shows an
account that belongs only to another person, the CRA
must delete it.
-
When the reinvestigation is
complete, the CRA must give you the written results and a
free copy of your report if the dispute results in a change.
If an item is changed or removed, the CRA cannot put the
disputed information back in your file unless the
information provider verifies its accuracy and completeness,
and the CRA gives you a written notice of its intent to
reinsert the items that includes the name, address, and
phone number of the provider.
-
If you
request, the CRA must send notices of any correction to
anyone who received your report in the past six months. You
can have a corrected copy of your report sent to anyone who
received a copy during the past two years for employment
purposes. If a reinvestigation does not resolve your
dispute, ask the CRA to include your statement of the
dispute in your file and in future reports.
- In addition to writing to
the CRA, you should tell the creditor or other information
provider in writing that you dispute an item. Be sure to
include copies (not originals) of documents that support
your position. Many providers specify an address for
disputes. If the provider continues to report the disputed
item to any CRA after receiving your notice, it must include
a notice that you dispute the item. If you are
correct—that is, if the information is not accurate—the
information provider may not report it again.
Accurate
Negative Information
When negative information in your report is
accurate, only the passage of time can assure its removal.
Accurate negative information generally can stay on your report
for seven years. There are certain exceptions:
- Bankruptcy information may
be reported for 10 years.
- Credit information reported
in response to an application for a job with a salary of
more than $75,000 has no time limit.
- Information about criminal
convictions has no time limit.
- Credit information reported
because of an application for more than $150,000 worth of
credit or life insurance has no time limit.
- Default information
concerning U.S. Government insured or guaranteed student
loans can be reported for seven years after certain
guarantor actions.
- Information about a lawsuit
or an unpaid judgment against you can be reported for seven
years or until the statute of limitations runs out,
whichever is longer.
Seven-year
Reporting Period
There is a standard method for calculating the
seven-year reporting period. Generally, the period runs from the
date that the event took place.
With regard to any delinquent
account placed for collection—internally or by referral to a
third-party debt collector, whichever is earlier—charged to
profit and loss, or subjected to any similar action, the
seven-year period is calculated from the date of the delinquency
that occurred immediately before the collection activity, charge
to profit and loss, or similar action. For example, assume that
your payments on a loan were late in January, but that you
caught up in February. You were late again in May, but caught up
in July. You were again late in September, but did not catch up
before the account was turned over to a collection agency in
December. You made no more payments on the account, and it is
charged to profit and loss in July of the following year.
Under the FCRA, the January and
May late payments each can be reported for seven years. The
collection activity and the charge to profit and loss can be
reported for seven years from the date of the September payment,
which was the delinquency that occurred immediately before those
activities.
Adding
Accounts to Your File
Your credit file may not reflect all your credit
accounts. Although most national department store and
all-purpose bank credit card accounts will be included in your
file, not all creditors supply information to CRAs: Some travel,
entertainment, gasoline card companies, local retailers, and
credit unions are among those creditors that don't.
If you've been told that you
were denied credit because of an "insufficient credit
file" or "no credit file" and you have accounts
with creditors that don't appear in your credit file, ask the
CRA to add this information to future reports. Although they are
not required to do so, many CRAs will add verifiable accounts
for a fee. However, understand that if these creditors do not
report to the CRA on a regular basis, the added items will not
be updated in your file.
Disclaimer: All Information on this web site is
provided "as is" with no claim of accuracy or of
fitness. Always research any financial decisions prior to
signing any documents and consult a professional when necessary.
For additional Information:
Federal
Citizen Information Center
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